okey, now we will explain how to install Nvidia graphic drivers. I will not explain it for ATI graphic cards because I don't have one, so...
Installing Nvidia drivers can be easily done in 3 steps:
- downloading
- switching to init 3 mode in console
- installing & returning to system & restarting the computer
First start by downloading drivers from
nvidia.com site for your computer. You can download it in 2 easy ways, we'll explain them both. First is to download directly from net using your Internet Browser/Download Menager such as
OperaHere are direct links:
-
Nvidia graphic drivers for 32-bit machines-
Nvidia graphic drivers for 64-bit Intel machines-
Nvidia graphic drivers for 64-bit AMD machinesOther way to download is to use wget in shell. Now we are going to run shell (konsole), with START->Run Application... & enter konsole & press ENTER
when you open console enter "su" (superuser mode) and press ENTER, and type password of root.
Enter: init 3 (to switch to init 3 mode - screen will turn off and turn on, and switch to text graphics interface, where you will logon as root)
username: root
password:
then locate your self into folder where is your installation package with "cd" (change directory) command:
linux:~ # cd /
linux:/ # cd home
linux:/home # cd mujko
linux:/home/mujko # sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-8178-pkg1.run
final line -> when you are at your folder where package is(/home/username) then enter: sh NameOfThePackage.run
With arrows (left and right) navigate to "Accept" button and press enter. Then installation will start and you just sit back and relax, when it is finished, it will return back to text graphic user interface, where you will login as root, and enter: "init 5" To switch back to full graphic user interface
When you have done that, open console, again and login as root, and copy/paste or rewrite these two rows:
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
sed -i 's/"nv"/"nvidia"/g' /etc/X11/xorg.conf
first line creates backup of xorg configuration file
second line changes xorg.conf file using sed interactive text editor
Restart your computer and you will be able to play games and use other programs that require 3D acceleration.
You can also go into SAX2 program where you can configure position of screen, resolution and stuff. You can find it at: Start -> System -> Configuration -> Sax2
thats for today, tomorrow i will explain basic console(shell) commands...
for issue of using KDE or GNOME i will not explain (you should play with it to figure stuff out, it is not difficult)
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For this subject I will explain how to install Suse linux 9.3. Reason I have chosed this one is that I have most expirience with it. After explaining installation process, I will explain shell and some other elements & stuff...
Latest version is Suse 10, that has some impruvments, and some packages are added, but basicly it is almost same as 9.3.
What does it mean GNU/Linux ?
Most of us say: "I have linux.", "I have installed Linux".. etc... What we reffer to is GNU/Linux. Here is the story:
GNU project was founded 1984 which had purpose to create Unix-like Operating System, that is free for anybody and everything. Richard Stallman is founder of that organisation. From that year till end of 80s, they have developed lot of programs, and GNU C compiler, but thay had problems with making kernel. In 1991 Linus Torvalds developed Unix-like kernel and GNU project used that kernel for making OS. It was called GNU/Linux. Whole story can be read at:
HEREYou can find linux from your frineds or LUG (Linux User Group) of your country or download from different ftp servers. List of ftp servers can be found:
HERENote: If you want to have DualBoot machine (to be able to run Linux or Windows by choosing from some bootup menu) just install Windows before Linux.
Suse linux is currently held by Novell, Novell co. has big plans for Suse Linux. There are 2 versions of Suse Linux. Free one and Suse Enterprise server. Second ones are used in servers for running big servers, where Red Hat Linux is alternative. So is Microsoft Windows Server 2000 and 2003 but Linux has better performance.
Lets start:
1. Set BIOS bootup option so CD is first bootup device (like for installing windows)
2. Insert CD1 of your Suse CD collection(or DVD) while computer is being restarted
3. When you get to the bootup screen few options will be shown where you can choose. We'll choose "Installation" type.
4. We'll wait until kernel loads and let linux do his stuff, sit back and relax, until you see mouse pointer and Licence agreement.
Window that will open is called YaST (as it shown at left top corner of your screen). It means: Yet Another Setup Tool, and it is like Control Panel in Windows, from where you can setup whole system.
5. Read Licence agreement if you want to and accept it if you want to continiue
6. After accepting Licence agreement, YaST will ask you about your language. Else not English choose it (English is default), and click "Accept".
7. Now, wait for few moments and if YaST prompt for some error, like is this one for some HDD for using RAID configuration. Just ignore it by clicking OK
8. After that you might get asked about type of installation. In this case, I had Linux already installed, so it asked me about type of installation. As you can see, other options speek for them selves.
9. After that, you will get overview to all install configuration. We will hold on most important ones
1st is System information. We dont need to do anything there, except reading our hardware info.
2nd is Mode: New Installation (we have just chosen that)
3rd is Keyboard layout
and etc...
10. Click to Keyboard layout and choose your Keyboard layout, then click Accept
11. Next one is Partitioning (we'll skip mouse). Partitioning is one of most important parts of installation. Because, if you do it wrong, lots of datas can be easily deleted. My friend recently has loosed 180 GBs of datas, because he partitioned wrong. So be careful!
Click on Partitioning and you will get something like this:
This is proposal by YaST about your partitoning, but we'll choose option "Base partition setup on this proposal" so we can do custom editing.
That is how it is inside partitioning window. You can see I have lot of partitions :D. I'll presume that you don't have any linux partitions. So, first you have to resize your windows partition.
To do that select specific partition and click "Edit" in bottom part of screen.
In edit tab you will see lots of options.
First there is to chose to format or not to format that partition. If you chose yes than you should select file system. Recomended one is Reiser, but also there are ext2, ext3 and other.
Note: SWAP file system is used for creating partitions that are about twice as your RAM memory.
Right of that is located "Size" that is set by entering number of cylinders. So if you want specific size then you have to enter number of cylinders manaly. Then click OK, and see if size is goot. If it isn't than click edit again and repeat it.
Now we'll create 2 partitions (for linux). If you aren't able to have 2 more partitions 1 can do enough, but 2 are recomended. Those two are: partition for data, and swap partition. On swap partition are located datas when RAM is full.
Now click Create then popup will open, requesting to which HDD to put that partition. When you click OK another popup will ask what type of partition (Primary or Logical) chose Primary. OK.
Then same window as Edit one will open, now chose previously explained options (but leave place for swap in Size part of window). For mounting options set mount point to: /
Note: Linux has one Filesystem, named "/" . In that part are placed some folders (home, usr, dev, opt, media, mount, bin etc.. you can have yours folders if you want). All those folders are placed on HDD(partition) which mount point is "/". If you want /home (similiar as "User's Docunents" in Windows) folder to be on another partition, than at this "Mount point" place you set it to /home. But you'll need it later when you figure this up, more than now.
For now, just leave it as / and press OK.
Now with same procedure create swap partition but in Format options chose Filesystem: SWAP
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now you can close all partition windows with clicking accept or OK and get back to the main menu.
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click on Software, where we will chose what software to install
You will first be asked to chose what Desktop Menagers to linux be installed with. There are lots of them but most popular are GNOME and KDE. It is on o users to chose wich one is best for them. I personaly like GNOME little more than KDE so I chhosed GNOME. KDE is more like Windows, but it is easily to adopt from GNOME to KDE and vice verse.
Note that program (packages) selection is same for KDE or GNOME.
Click on "Detailed Selection" to chose programs. You will get this screen:
First, on left side choose and check "Sipmle webserver with apache2". And you can also choose some other group and in right side check some packages. You can also find and check packages by using pull-down menu located at left top, bellow menu, of screen. You can choose Search, and there you can enter name or part of name of package, then on right side you check specific package. Select some packages if you want to, you also have description on right side. I suggest that you install among others, these packages: openmotif, pkgconfig, openal, tuxracer, blender, ImageMagic, broadcast2000, gtkcam, wxGTK, xmms, bind, bitchx, fonts..
if you are installing suse 10 then try to find and check these: opera, konversation, etc...
Whan you have finished by clicking OK or Accept return to the main menu, and click on "Boot Loader".
There are two types of Boot Loaders: GRUB and LILO. I prefer LILO, it has more options to configurate, and i had some problems with GRUB. Now what we will do is to select first row, and click Edit (bottom of screen). There will be pull-down menu where you can choose LILO or GRUB or some other option, choose LILO. Window will popup asking for instructions. It asks wheather it will convert setup configuration or something else. Just click OK.
On place where it says "Default selection", select it, click edit, and window will open where you will see among others, "Windows". Select row where "Windows" is, and click: SET AS DEFAULT (so Windows is default selection). With OK and Accept return to main menu.
Next is Time Zone, where you select your country.
Now click Accept on main menu. YaST will ask about some acceptances and maybe show some errors, just Accept it and continiue.
Now Suse will install first CD or all if it is DVD.
You can click on another tab to se details about instaling packages.
After 1. CD is finished, system will be restarted and when you boot up from CD and after choose "Boot up from Hard disk" option then YaST will open and ask for 3. and rest of CDs.
Installation procedure is finished. Now comes configuration. After installation proces you should get something like this:
Enter you root password and click next. You will be shown your network configuration, but we will pass through that;
next, YaST will ask us about connecting to internet.. no...
next, "User Authentication Methon", just leave it default and
next, "Add a New User Option", you will enter your name, nick, and password,
next, YaST will save settings, and show welcome screen,
next, "Hardware Configuration", you can choose graphic card, or monitor and select it from list, but it is better to leave it for later. Also, when you enter into screen to setup that, when you chage your setings, and when you pres "Finalize>>" there will be 3 options shown: Test, save, cancel.
When you click on test then another screen will open where you can set position of screen on your monitor. Whan you set it up, save it and return to main of configuration.
After Finishing "Hardware Configuration" and clicking Finish, SuSe will take you to login screen where you can login with your User username and password.
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I know it is long post, but I wanted to write all details.
Read more!
So here, we'll use different combinations of SELECT command, add new column and delete table and database.
As mentioned after SELECT word, comes names of attribute that we want to list. If want all of them then we put * . If we want more then one, then we separate their names by , sign.
For example:
if you want to list all people's names and surnames then you type: SELECT name, surname FROM person;
Same goes for names and birth dates, or more of those atributes, you just specify them in there...
next part of SELECT command is FROM place. In FROM place of command we are specifing from where to select those atributes. In our case it is from one table, table person. But for cases where we want to select atributes from more tables, then we specify more tables, in this part. Using this command for more tables i will explain in next series of mysql commands.
Next part of SELECT is WHERE. In where part we are putting condition that will affect rows. It is same as we used it with UPDATE command...
so if we want to select (show) name and surnames of people named edin we would use next command:
SELECT name, surname FROM person WHERE name='edin';
exmpl:
Also we could use some other functions named: COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUM, AVG in SELECT part of statement.
Here is example of one of them:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM person WHERE name='edin';
No matter what you write inside () of COUNT, this select command will bring you back one column with number of rows where name is edin from table person.
Addin new column named age.
Lets sey we want to add new column where will be number that represents age of specific person. Adding column is in SELECT part of command, but mysql gives us ability to do calculations right in there. So it will be:
SELECT name, surname, height, weight, birth, YEAR(CURDATE())-YEAR(birth) AS age FROM person;
now you can do playing with SELECT command, for example in place of COUNT you can put MIN(birth) so you can see oldest date in birth column, or min(birth) for youngest.
Deleting datas: DELETE FROM person;
All datas will be deleted
Deleting table: DROP TABLE person;
Table person will be deleted weather it has or hasn't got datas
Deleting database: DROP DATABASE students;
Database will be deleted weather it has or hasn't got datas(tables with datas) in it
We have finished very basics of MySQL commands. These can be used within php, when writing it, or C, C++, C#, Pascal(Delphi) or almost every other programing language.
Now that you have learned basics, you can move to more advanced tutorials, that can be found all over internet (google.com, mysql.org) or inside mysql documentation that comes with mysql installation.
If you don't need right now that advanced knowlage it is good that you have read this, because you now know basic of mysql, and when we cover rest of mysql than you will fully know it;)
other parts about MySQL:
MySQL basic commands part 1MySQL basic commands part 2MySQL basic commands part 3
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SELECT command is one of most common commands in MySQL. Its syntax is little more complex, but here we'll as all, present basic things...
SELECT atributes FROM table_or_tables WHERE condition;
More advanced purpose of this command we'll explain later in this post. For now, if there is some data that needs to be changed then we will use command:
UPDATE table SET atribute="value" WHERE condition;
For example lets try to correct value of height to 185 at person: edin bukva
in this example condition will consists of two parts because there are two people named edin. So for condidition we can use:
name='edin' and surname='bukva'
or just: surname='bukva' because there is only one man with bukva surname
UPDATE person SET height='185' WHERE name='edin' and surname='bukva';
In condition part we used "and" operator. It is normal to use these operators (and, or, etc...)
If we wanted to add new row (record) we would use this command:
INSERT INTO table VALUES('1st atribute value','2nd',...);so on our example it would be like this:
INSERT INTO person VALUES('name1','surname1','180','78',NULL);NULL for value means that there will be no value for that field.
You can see the procedure at whole image:
On pictures you can see that i have used SELECT * FROM person; command to list, so i could see what i have got.
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rest of basic stuff in part 4, until then...
other parts about MySQL:
MySQL basic commands part 1MySQL basic commands part 2MySQL basic commands part 4
Read more!
first, srry fot not posting for a few days, i have had few personal problems...
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note:
USE database command is one of commands that doesn't need ; sign for marking end of command.
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Now when we have selected specific database with command USE, we now that there is no tables in it. You should know that data in databases like MySQL are stored in tables, where every attribute has its data type.
We'll create table, with command that is logical:
CREATE name_of_table ()Inside () we are putting attributed and defining its data types.
Here we will present few data types, through our example, but if you want to see all of them and their use, check MySQL specification reference.
For our students table we will put in there theirs: name, surname, height, weight, birth.
For name, surname we will use varchar() type of data. In () we are putting max number of characters that name or surname can have.
For height and weight we will use float (decimal) number type
For birth we will use
date type of data where type of date is: YYYY-MM-DD by default.
In this table setting of primary keys is not covered because, here I'm tring to explain very basics. Primary key and relations will be covered after this and few more topics.
So here is our command:
CREATE TABLE person (name varchar(15), surname varchar(20), height float, weight float, birth date);
To see weather is everything ok about data types we'll use this command:
-> DESCRIBE name_of_table; or DESC name_of_table;
Now, we need to fill that table. We'll use technique of importing .txt file into our table. For that we need to create .txt file 'C:\file.txt' where will be few lines of our datas. Every row will have data orderd by atributes and separated by 1 TAB.
exemple of 1row of txt file:
name1 (1 TAB separation) surname1 (1 TAB separation) height (1 TAB separation) weight (1 TAB separation) birth (1 TAB separation) \r\n
\r\n is string that is used for end of row, so command can recognise end of 1 row
Syntax of commands that imports .txt file into table is:
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:/path_to_file' INTO TABLE name_of_table LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';
note: when putting path of file use sign / for separating between folders or drives, not \ as it is common in Windows Explorer
After this we'll check to make sure that all datas are correctly imported.
SELECT * FROM name_of_table;
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new post very soon
other parts about MySQL:
MySQL basic commands part 1MySQL basic commands part 3MySQL basic commands part 4Labels: databases, mysql
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In this post I will show you some basic commands in MySQL. On start, you need to have MySQL installed because installation process is not covered. For installation on Windows x86 machines you can download MySQL from
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-essential-5.0.19-win32.msi/from/pick After downloading and installing start MySQL from Start->All Programs->MySQL->MySQL Server->MySQL Command Line Client. Command Prompt will open asking for password. If you haven't specified password during installation just press ENTER, otherwise enter password and hit ENTER. There will be shown "mysql>" and blinking blank sign waiting for entering commands.
Here we'll start with our first commands. We'll first check weather are there some databases with command: SHOW DATABASES;
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few notes:
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1. after most MySQL commands there must be sign ; (that specifies end of command (not just in MySQL))
2. you can hit enter even if you have wrote just SHOW, but on next line sign -> will be shown which requires from you to finish command
3. beside -> there are similiar like:
'> which requires you to finish ' string
"> which requires you to finish " string (second type of string)
and others, I woun't make hard on you now becouse of this :D
4. Every command in MySQL on WINDOWS is NOT case sensitive, meaning that SHOW DATABASES can be written as: Show Databases and there wouldn't be any mistakes. On the other hand on Linux they ARE case sensitive
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Let's Continiue...
On that picture you can see list of my MySQL databases that are created for other purposes, but now we'll create our one.
The command is: CREATE DATABASE name_of_database (name our database "students" )
After creating, we want to add datas to our database. First we must select database which we'll use. We do that with command: use name_of_database (with or without ; doesn't mind, this is one of those minor number of commands that do not need ; for symboling the end of command)
so: USE students
and now we can write commands that will efect students database.
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other parts about MySQL:
MySQL basic commands part 2MySQL basic commands part 3MySQL basic commands part 4
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okey, in this first post i will describe what this blog will be about. I will present you how Computer Graphics is used in business, how to make 3D objects, models, scenes, using the most high end programs, and also with the free ones. Beside that i will show you how to work with linux, as i set it up for my self, and how to configure php, apache, mysql, mplayer, and other programs that need manual configuration. That is stuff i will talk most about, but also i will talk about hacks, hacking (mobile, network, linux, computer), and about some handheld devices, like Nokia 770, mobiles like nokia 6600 etc.. you'll learn a lot reading these posts (so will i). And main thing about all this is that you will not waist your time reading my blog.
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