Novell SuSe 9.3 GNU/Linux part 1
For this subject I will explain how to install Suse linux 9.3. Reason I have chosed this one is that I have most expirience with it. After explaining installation process, I will explain shell and some other elements & stuff...Latest version is Suse 10, that has some impruvments, and some packages are added, but basicly it is almost same as 9.3.
What does it mean GNU/Linux ?
Most of us say: "I have linux.", "I have installed Linux".. etc... What we reffer to is GNU/Linux. Here is the story:
GNU project was founded 1984 which had purpose to create Unix-like Operating System, that is free for anybody and everything. Richard Stallman is founder of that organisation. From that year till end of 80s, they have developed lot of programs, and GNU C compiler, but thay had problems with making kernel. In 1991 Linus Torvalds developed Unix-like kernel and GNU project used that kernel for making OS. It was called GNU/Linux. Whole story can be read at: HERE
You can find linux from your frineds or LUG (Linux User Group) of your country or download from different ftp servers. List of ftp servers can be found: HERE
Note: If you want to have DualBoot machine (to be able to run Linux or Windows by choosing from some bootup menu) just install Windows before Linux.
Suse linux is currently held by Novell, Novell co. has big plans for Suse Linux. There are 2 versions of Suse Linux. Free one and Suse Enterprise server. Second ones are used in servers for running big servers, where Red Hat Linux is alternative. So is Microsoft Windows Server 2000 and 2003 but Linux has better performance.
Lets start:
1. Set BIOS bootup option so CD is first bootup device (like for installing windows)
2. Insert CD1 of your Suse CD collection(or DVD) while computer is being restarted
3. When you get to the bootup screen few options will be shown where you can choose. We'll choose "Installation" type.
4. We'll wait until kernel loads and let linux do his stuff, sit back and relax, until you see mouse pointer and Licence agreement.
Window that will open is called YaST (as it shown at left top corner of your screen). It means: Yet Another Setup Tool, and it is like Control Panel in Windows, from where you can setup whole system.
5. Read Licence agreement if you want to and accept it if you want to continiue
6. After accepting Licence agreement, YaST will ask you about your language. Else not English choose it (English is default), and click "Accept".
7. Now, wait for few moments and if YaST prompt for some error, like is this one for some HDD for using RAID configuration. Just ignore it by clicking OK
8. After that you might get asked about type of installation. In this case, I had Linux already installed, so it asked me about type of installation. As you can see, other options speek for them selves.
9. After that, you will get overview to all install configuration. We will hold on most important ones
1st is System information. We dont need to do anything there, except reading our hardware info.
2nd is Mode: New Installation (we have just chosen that)
3rd is Keyboard layout
and etc...
10. Click to Keyboard layout and choose your Keyboard layout, then click Accept
11. Next one is Partitioning (we'll skip mouse). Partitioning is one of most important parts of installation. Because, if you do it wrong, lots of datas can be easily deleted. My friend recently has loosed 180 GBs of datas, because he partitioned wrong. So be careful!
Click on Partitioning and you will get something like this:
This is proposal by YaST about your partitoning, but we'll choose option "Base partition setup on this proposal" so we can do custom editing.
That is how it is inside partitioning window. You can see I have lot of partitions :D. I'll presume that you don't have any linux partitions. So, first you have to resize your windows partition.
To do that select specific partition and click "Edit" in bottom part of screen.
In edit tab you will see lots of options.
First there is to chose to format or not to format that partition. If you chose yes than you should select file system. Recomended one is Reiser, but also there are ext2, ext3 and other.
Note: SWAP file system is used for creating partitions that are about twice as your RAM memory.
Right of that is located "Size" that is set by entering number of cylinders. So if you want specific size then you have to enter number of cylinders manaly. Then click OK, and see if size is goot. If it isn't than click edit again and repeat it.
Now we'll create 2 partitions (for linux). If you aren't able to have 2 more partitions 1 can do enough, but 2 are recomended. Those two are: partition for data, and swap partition. On swap partition are located datas when RAM is full.
Now click Create then popup will open, requesting to which HDD to put that partition. When you click OK another popup will ask what type of partition (Primary or Logical) chose Primary. OK.
Then same window as Edit one will open, now chose previously explained options (but leave place for swap in Size part of window). For mounting options set mount point to: /
Note: Linux has one Filesystem, named "/" . In that part are placed some folders (home, usr, dev, opt, media, mount, bin etc.. you can have yours folders if you want). All those folders are placed on HDD(partition) which mount point is "/". If you want /home (similiar as "User's Docunents" in Windows) folder to be on another partition, than at this "Mount point" place you set it to /home. But you'll need it later when you figure this up, more than now.
For now, just leave it as / and press OK.
Now with same procedure create swap partition but in Format options chose Filesystem: SWAP
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now you can close all partition windows with clicking accept or OK and get back to the main menu.
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click on Software, where we will chose what software to install
You will first be asked to chose what Desktop Menagers to linux be installed with. There are lots of them but most popular are GNOME and KDE. It is on o users to chose wich one is best for them. I personaly like GNOME little more than KDE so I chhosed GNOME. KDE is more like Windows, but it is easily to adopt from GNOME to KDE and vice verse.
Note that program (packages) selection is same for KDE or GNOME.
Click on "Detailed Selection" to chose programs. You will get this screen:
First, on left side choose and check "Sipmle webserver with apache2". And you can also choose some other group and in right side check some packages. You can also find and check packages by using pull-down menu located at left top, bellow menu, of screen. You can choose Search, and there you can enter name or part of name of package, then on right side you check specific package. Select some packages if you want to, you also have description on right side. I suggest that you install among others, these packages: openmotif, pkgconfig, openal, tuxracer, blender, ImageMagic, broadcast2000, gtkcam, wxGTK, xmms, bind, bitchx, fonts..
if you are installing suse 10 then try to find and check these: opera, konversation, etc...
Whan you have finished by clicking OK or Accept return to the main menu, and click on "Boot Loader".
There are two types of Boot Loaders: GRUB and LILO. I prefer LILO, it has more options to configurate, and i had some problems with GRUB. Now what we will do is to select first row, and click Edit (bottom of screen). There will be pull-down menu where you can choose LILO or GRUB or some other option, choose LILO. Window will popup asking for instructions. It asks wheather it will convert setup configuration or something else. Just click OK.On place where it says "Default selection", select it, click edit, and window will open where you will see among others, "Windows". Select row where "Windows" is, and click: SET AS DEFAULT (so Windows is default selection). With OK and Accept return to main menu.
Next is Time Zone, where you select your country.Now click Accept on main menu. YaST will ask about some acceptances and maybe show some errors, just Accept it and continiue.
Now Suse will install first CD or all if it is DVD.
You can click on another tab to se details about instaling packages.
After 1. CD is finished, system will be restarted and when you boot up from CD and after choose "Boot up from Hard disk" option then YaST will open and ask for 3. and rest of CDs.
Installation procedure is finished. Now comes configuration. After installation proces you should get something like this:
Enter you root password and click next. You will be shown your network configuration, but we will pass through that;
next, YaST will ask us about connecting to internet.. no...
next, "User Authentication Methon", just leave it default and
next, "Add a New User Option", you will enter your name, nick, and password,
next, YaST will save settings, and show welcome screen,
next, "Hardware Configuration", you can choose graphic card, or monitor and select it from list, but it is better to leave it for later. Also, when you enter into screen to setup that, when you chage your setings, and when you pres "Finalize>>" there will be 3 options shown: Test, save, cancel.
When you click on test then another screen will open where you can set position of screen on your monitor. Whan you set it up, save it and return to main of configuration.
After Finishing "Hardware Configuration" and clicking Finish, SuSe will take you to login screen where you can login with your User username and password.
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I know it is long post, but I wanted to write all details.
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